Granular Computing Ancient Practices, Modern Theories and Future Directions

Granular Computing: An Introduction to

What is granular computing(GrC)? It is a shifting paradigm. Let us start with a few words about how the term was coined. In the academic year 1996-97, when Lin (this section editor) took his sabbatical leave at UC-Berkeley, Zadeh suggested granular mathematics (GrM) to be his research area. To limit the scope, Lin proposed the term granular computing [14]. What was GrC then? Zadeh had outlined ...

Granular Computing: Practices, Theories, and Future Directions

Granular Computing Practices, Theories and Directions

Clinical reasoning assessment through medical expertise theories: past, present and future directions

  Exploration into the concept of "medical expert" dates back to more than 50 years ago, yet yielding three leading theories in the area of clinical reasoning, namely, knowledge structure, hypothetic-deductive, and dual process. Each theory defines “medical expert” in a dissimilar way. Therefore, the methods of assessment through which the experts are identified have been changed during the tim...

Ancient State Economies

■ Abstract This review addresses methods and theories for the archaeological study of ancient state economies, from the earliest states through the Classical period and beyond. Research on this topic within anthropological archaeology has been held back by reliance on simple concepts and an impoverished notion of the extent of variation in ancient state economies. First I review a long-standing...